Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) across orbits
- by Nature
- Jun 16, 2024
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Nature Communications: Cosmic kidney disease: An integrated pan-omic, physiological and morphological study into spaceflight-induced renal dysfunction
Spatial transcriptome data from the kidney profiles show the impact of spaceflight on the kidney structure and kidney cells’ gene expression. Cell types are shown as colors, and labeled sections of the kidney are highlighted by arrows.
Spatial transcriptome data from the kidney profiles show the impact of spaceflight on the kidney structure and kidney cells’ gene expression. Cell types are shown as colors, and labeled sections of the kidney are highlighted by arrows.
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Stained cross-section of a mouse kidney 6-month post exposure to radiation, analysed for detection of kidney damage and impact of spaceflight. Zoomed in areas of the cross-section shows labelled structure and different cell types of kidney cells'.
Epigenomic changes
Liftoff of Inspiration4 from Kennedy Space Center at 8:02 pm (local time) on 16 September 2021. Credit: Inspiration4 / John Kraus
Liftoff of Inspiration4 from Kennedy Space Center at 8:02 pm (local time) on 16 September 2021. Credit: Inspiration4 / John Kraus
T-cells and monocyte cells showed the largest degree of chromatin changes in the immune system after spaceflight and female crew members had a faster return to baseline across all cell types for their chromatin landscape (ATAC-seq) than male astronauts (Kim et al.). These data can also now be visualized in the SOMA browser.
Sian Procter (left) and Hayley Arceneaux enjoying a flowing hair moment in zero gravity, analogous to the unwinding of DNA from chromatin observed in their monocytes. Credit: Inspiration4 crew
Sian Procter (left) and Hayley Arceneaux enjoying a flowing hair moment in zero gravity, analogous to the unwinding of DNA from chromatin observed in their monocytes. Credit: Inspiration4 crew Nature: A second space age spanning omics, platforms, and medicine across orbits
The recent acceleration of commercial, private, and multi-national spaceflight has created an unprecedented level of activity in low Earth orbit (LEO), concomitant with the highest-ever number of crewed missions planned to enter space. Such rapid advancement into space from many new companies, countries, and space-related entities has ushered humanity into “The Second Space Age.” This era is poised to leverage, for the first time, modern tools and methods of molecular biology, which is enabling precision aerospace medicine for the crews, new technological and computational methods for modeling life, new heavy-lift spacecraft for enabling inter-planetary missions (e.g. Crocco flyby), and systems for the detection, deployment, and protection of life on other worlds.
Number of objects launched into space (1957–2023). Data taken from the United Nations Outer Space Objects Index, which shows the exponential increase in launches into space in the past few years. Countries are shown for the USA (blue), Russia/USSR (purple), and a breakdown of all other countries (green).
Number of objects launched into space (1957–2023). Data taken from the United Nations Outer Space Objects Index, which shows the exponential increase in launches into space in the past few years. Countries are shown for the USA (blue), Russia/USSR (purple), and a breakdown of all other countries (green).
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Two pie charts and a histogram showing the total and yearly number of objects launched into space by countries between 1957 and 2023 according to data taken from the United Nations Catalog. The histogram shows an exponential increase in launches into space in the most recent years with USA contributing to more than half of the grand total of launches (USA= 9,632, USSR/Russia= 3,732, China = 1,051, and 2,877 launches being shared by a number of other countries including UK, Japan, France, India, Germany, Canada.
New missions enabled by modern spacecraft. The orbital trajectory for a three-planet mission (Crocco Flyby) in 2033 that would fly by Mars twice and also Venus within about 18 months on a SpaceX Starship (calculations validated by Try Lam at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, editing with Brent West). The launch dates and approximate orbital timings are shown around the planetary orbits (dotted line circles) and the flight path. The sun is shown in the middle of the figure.
New missions enabled by modern spacecraft. The orbital trajectory for a three-planet mission (Crocco Flyby) in 2033 that would fly by Mars twice and also Venus within about 18 months on a SpaceX Starship (calculations validated by Try Lam at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, editing with Brent West). The launch dates and approximate orbital timings are shown around the planetary orbits (dotted line circles) and the flight path. The sun is shown in the middle of the figure.
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Concentric circles of Mars, Earth, and Venus around the sun, and the planned spiral course that a rocket to Mars will take. The launch dates and approximate orbital timings are shown around the planetary orbits for the three-planet mission departing from Earth 18th April 2033, then flying by Mars twice between November and December 2033 and Venus on 6th June 2034.
A visual summary of the 44 papers in the SOMA package is also available as a PDF version. All papers can be accessed in the collection page.
Key laboratories and scientific leads for the SOMA resources
Chris Mason, Weill Cornell Medicine, Mason Lab
Afshin Beheshti, Blue Marble Space Institute of Science at NASA Ames Research Center, Beheshti Lab
Mathias Basner, University of Pennsylvannia, Basner Lab
Eliah G. Overbey, The University of Austin, Overbey Lab
Cem Meydan, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meydan Lab
Masafumi Muratani, University of Tsukuba/JAXA, Muratani Lab
Susan Bailey, Colorado State University, Bailey Lab
Eric Bershad, Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Space Medicine
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